6.06(CS)
http://mirror.mcs.anl.gov/pub/ubuntu-iso/DVDs/ubuntu/6.06/release/ubuntu-6.06-dvd-i386.iso
6.06(P2P)
http://mirror.mcs.anl.gov/pub/ubuntu-iso/DVDs/ubuntu/6.06/release/ubuntu-6.06-dvd-i386.iso.torrent">http://mirror.mcs.anl.gov/pub/ubuntu-iso/DVDs/ubuntu/6.06/release/ubuntu-6.06-dvd-i386.iso.torrent
6.06(CS)
http://mirror.mcs.anl.gov/pub/ubuntu-iso/DVDs/ubuntu/6.06/release/ubuntu-6.06-dvd-i386.iso
6.06(P2P)
http://mirror.mcs.anl.gov/pub/ubuntu-iso/DVDs/ubuntu/6.06/release/ubuntu-6.06-dvd-i386.iso.torrent
[Editor]
vi
GNU Emacs / XEmacs / emacs21
nano
gedit (GNOME)
kate (KDE)
mousepad (XFCE)
rar
(Method 1)
sudo apt-get install rar
File Browser (nautilus) -> File Roller
(About: rar unrar:
apt-cache search rar | egrep '^rar|^unrar'
But unrar unnecessary?
)
rar
(Method 2)
http://www.rarlab.com/
extract rar for linux, then copy the 4 executable files to any dir in $PATH
sudo apt-get install ark
zip:
File Browser (nautilus) -> File Roller
*.tar.gz:
tar zxcf nasm.tar.gz (z: gzip)
*.tar.bz2:
tar jxvf
bunzip2 nasm.tar.bz2 | tar xvf (NOTE: bunzip2 delete .bz2 file)
pdf:
acroread
mozilla-acroread (apt-cache search pdf | grep -i 'firefox' OR apt-cache search pdf | grep -i 'mozilla')
gpdf
xpdf
[ts]
{
Sys | Pref | Remote Desktop
rdesktop
}
[split]
(Ubuntu)split
[Reader.CHM]
apt-cache search pdf | grep -i 'firefox' OR apt-cache search pdf | grep -i 'mozilla' => NONE
CHM Reader (@https://addons.mozilla.org/) Ctrl-E
gnochm (CHM Viewer)
kchmviewer
chmsee
xchm
pstree
ps
ps -A
kill
kill -9
killall
kill5
xkill
top
lsof -p
Example:
ps -A | grep emacs => pid: 26265
lsof -p 26265
进程管理及作业控制(一)[转帖]
http://www.linuxsir.org/bbs/showthread.php?s=&threadid=5115
{{TAG:SW}{TAG:OS}{TAG:INUX}{TAG:Ubuntu}}
{
Ubuntu 6.06 = Dapper Drake
Download:
Ubuntu 6.06 CS: http://mirror.mcs.anl.gov/pub/ubuntu-iso/DVDs/ubuntu/6.06/release/ubuntu-6.06-dvd-i386.iso
Ubuntu 6.06 P2P: http://mirror.mcs.anl.gov/pub/ubuntu-iso/DVDs/ubuntu/6.06/release/ubuntu-6.06-dvd-i386.iso.torrent
faq:
http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?t=35100
http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?t=3341
ubuntu-USB移动硬盘
http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?t=29692
WebSite:
http://www.ubuntu.com/
http://ubuntuforums.org/
http://ubuntuguide.org/
http://www.ubuntu.org.cn/ ; http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/ ; http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/
http://linuxtoy.org/
http://www.ringkee.com/
一句话技巧 http://www.klan.cn/read.php?24
http://www.linuxsir.org/bbs/archive/index.php/f-100.html
cmd line sample:http://www.computerhope.com/unix/uchmod.htm
Debian学习笔记 http://man.chinaunix.net/linux/debian/debian_learning/index.html
Ubuntu初学者命令
新手看招 实用的Ubuntu Linux命令大全 （1）http://linux.ccidnet.com/art/302/20070428/1072591_1.html
ubuntu-edgy配置笔记 http://blog.zhangjianfeng.com/?p=490
鸟哥的 Linux 与 ADSL 私房菜
http://linux-vbird.bluedata.org/linux_base/0120howtolinux.htm
[Atricle]
Linux 查看磁盘分区、文件系统、使用情况的命令和相关工具介绍
Tips: 全文查找和替换 ttp://www.xrss.cn/Info/1761.Html
从Windows Xp 转到Linux (Ubuntu 6.06)上 http://www.cslog.cn/Content/windows_2_ubuntu_6_06
Ubuntu增加中文字符集 http://ray.opensource.com.cn/default.asp?id=70
ubuntu中文的设置 - My World80x86 http://www.80x86.cn/article.asp?id=1587
Setup/Install: sudo dpkg -i packagename.deb
Account: sudo su -
sudo -s
sudo passed root
sudo passed -l root //lock
http://www.91linux.com/html/linux_pub/debian/20070411/1565.html
http://jdkcn.com/entry/59.html
给 图形界面的应用程序 root 权限，使用以下两者中的任何一个:
gksudo [application]
gksu
或:
kdesu [application]
ubuntu 中的 kdesu 已经修改成使用 sudo.
$sudo usermod -G admin username
$sudo usermod -a -G admin username
www.linuxfromscratch.org <-- 专门讲真正的基础知识的，从lfs book看起
lfs.linuxsir.org
http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97/DapperDrake#.E8.AE.BE.E7.BD.AE.E4.B8.AD.E6.96.87.E6.94.AF.E6.8C.81.E7.8E.AF.E5.A2.83
http://www.linuxsir.org/main/?q=node/158#3.1
http://fred.webcan.cn/weblog/2006/06/22/ten-tips-for-new-ubuntu-users/
http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/32190/showart_283489.html
http://www.osxcn.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-edgy.html
[/etc/]
{
即改即用:
source ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bashrc
}
[HW]
{
[HD]
{
cat /proc/partitions
lshw -short | less
lshw -businfo | less
lshw -class disk | less
ls /dev/hd*
ls /dev/sd*
hdparm -i /dev/hda
hdparm -I /dev/sda
[fdisk]
{
fdisk -l (list all partitions in all hds. but not for unparitioned)
fdisk -l /dev/sda | less -c (only for sda)
}
[cfdisk]
{
cfdisk: enter cfdisk for cur dev
cfdisk /dev/sda: enter cfdisk for sda
}
[sfdisk]
{
sfdisk
}
[parted]
{
parted: enter parted)
p/print: print for cur dev
select: select a dev
}
}
}
Architecture: arch
[System]
uname ; uname -r ; uname -a ; cat /etc/issue
[FS.pre]
{
mkfs
mkswap
-s = summary
df
df -hl // -h: --human-readable
// -l: local
[mount]
{
mount
mount ### list mounted
umount
FS Type:
iso9660
vfat
Example:
sudo umount /home/Host/Share/
sudo umount -f /home/Host/Share/
}
[FILES]
/etc/fstab
/etc/mtab
/etc/rc.local
{
add this line:
swapon /dev/sda1
}
[Scan FS]
fsck ### dangerous. do not scan running system
}
[FS]
{
[ls/dir]
{
ls -a
ls -A
ls -l
ls -R
ls -d
[Sort]
-r = reverse
-S = size
-t = time
-x = extend name
[Color]
--color
ls -h = --human-readable
ls -F
}
pwd
cd
cd ~
cd ~lfs
cd -
mkdir
-p: parent
-v: --verbose
rmdir
[cp]
-i
-R = -r = --recursive
-a: all&recursive
[mv / rename]
-i
[rm]
rm -ir
rm -rf
-i
-r = -R = --recursive
touch
echo > Account.txt
cat
cat > Account.txt (Ctrl-C/Ctrl-D)
tac
more
less
ln
ln -s
du
du /home/cjs/Desktop/
du -b /home/cjs/Desktop/
ntfs-3g
}
[Autorun]
{
Services: Sys | Admin | Services
}
[Auto Login]
{
Sys | Pref | Login Window
}
[Tasks]
{
CTRL-ALT-F1
.
.
.
CTRL-ALT-F6
CTRL-ALT-F7
}
[User/Group/Account]
{
users-admin (GUI)
su
su
su -
su - lfs
su - lfs -c ls
### QUERY ###
cat /etc/passwd ### all users
users ### login users
cat /etc/group
id ### current user / user info
id
id lfs
finger ### query user(s) info
finger
finger lfs
groups ### which group for a certain user?
groups
groups lfs
### ADD ###
[useradd] ### basic
{
-g = --gid GROUP
-m = --create-home
-s = --shell SHELL
}
[adduser] ### advanced
{
??? adduser test = useradd -g test -m -k -s /bin/bash
}
### DEL ###
userdel
deluser
### MODIFY ###
passwd ### modfiy user passwd
-d: delete
-l: lock
-u: unlock
-S: Status
usermod ### modify user property
-l: new login name
-L: Lock
-U: Unlock
-u: new uid
### ADD ###
groupadd
addgroup
### DEL ###
groupdel
delgroup
### MODIFY ###
gpasswd lfs ### set passwd
gpasswd -a ### add user
gpasswd -d ### delete user
groupmod
-n: new name
-g: new gid
newgrp ### change group
###
pwconv ### sync /etc/shadow. why? i.g, modify /etc/passwd manually
grpconv
Example: some files is moved from /root/ to ~/share2/, but how to change priviledge?
sudo chown cjs ~/share2/*
chmod 666 ~/share2/*
Example: add a new user "test4" mamnually
1. edit /etc/passwd. make sure the username (test4) /uid/gid are new
2. pwconv
3. edit /etc/group. make sure the groupname and gid are new (gid should equal to that in step1)
4. grpconv
5. make a new folder as specified in step1. copy everything (including hidden files) in /etc/skel
no need to make a new folder, just type: cp -a /etc/skel /home/test4
6. set owner and change mode for this dir
chown -R test4 /home/test4
chmod -R 700 /home/test4
7. passwd test4
8. try login (C-A-Fn OR su to test this user)
###
[FILES]
{
/etc/passwd
/etc/shadow
/etc/default/useradd
egrep -v '^#' /etc/default/useradd ### find out all lines not begin with '#', i.e., non-comment lines
/etc/adduser.conf
egrep -v '^#' /etc/adduser.conf ### find out all lines not begin with '#', i.e., non-comment lines
/etc/group
/etc/gshadow
/etc/skel
/etc/login.defs
}
}
[FS/File Access]
{
### MODIFY ###
chown
chgrp
chmod
}
[.dmrc Issue]
{
chown -R cjs /home/cjs/
chmod -R 755 /home/cjs/
chown cjs /home/.dmrc
chmod 644 /home/.dmrc
}
[Environment Variable]
{
env
echo $NAME
export NAME="value" // add
NAME="value" // modify
unset NAME // delete
readonly NAME // cannot modify or delete
Example (From ~/.bash_profile):
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
if [ -d ~/bin ] ; then
PATH=~/bin:"${PATH}"
fi
LOGNAME
UID
USER
USERNAME
(/etc/environment)
LANG
LANGUAGE
LC_CTYPE
HOME
PWD
PATH
CLASSPATH
SHELL
BASH
TERM
OSTYPE
MACHTYPE
HOSTNAME
HOSTTYPE
DISPLAY
PS1
PS2
PS3
PS4
HISTSIZE: History Size
HISTFILE
HISTFILESIZE
}
[Printer]
{
}
[ADSL]
{
ppoeconf
}
[Regular Expression]
{
^txt2regex$
}
[Byte/Word/Line Count]
{
wc
wc -l: Line Count
}
[Search/Replace]
{
find: search filename
find /home/cjs/ -name '*bochs*'
sudo find / | grep 'bochs'
locate: search filecontent
[grep/egrep]
{
egrep = grep -E
grep [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILE] ...
-i = --ignore-case
-v = --invert-match
grep "make install" *
}
}
Change Default Editor: sudo update-alternatives --config editor
[Build/Develop]
{
gcc:
sudo apt-get install build-essential
(TEST: test.c)
}
[Chinese/中文/Encoding/UTF-8]
{
[Article]
Wikipedia
谈谈Unicode编码，简要解释UCS、UTF、BMP、BOM等名词 http://dev.csdn.net/develop/article/69/69883.shtm
Locale 详解
UCS/Unicode: Ecoding Standard
UTF: Ecoding Implementation Standard
sudo apt-get install language-support-zh
OR: Sys | Admin | Language Support
Locale Settings: /etc/environment (Environment Variable)
Show Local Settings: locale
{
locale
locale LC_CTYPE
echo $LC_CTYPE
}
Supported Locales: /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED (vs. Available)
Howto Generate Locales: locale-gen (NOTE: its options override settings found in /etc/belocs/locale-gen.conf.)(NOTE: If a list of languages and/or locales is specified as arguments, then locale-gen only generates these particular locales and adds the new ones to /var/lib/locales/supported.d/local. Otherwise it generates all supported locales.{I:Here "all supported locales" means those in /var/lib/locales/supported.d/*})(NOTE: locale-gen seems to call localedef)
{
Example:
sudo locale-gen --purge en_US.UTF-8 zh_CN.UTF-8
/var/lib/locales/supported.d/*
List all locales to generate. File format is similar to /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED.
{
Example:
cat /var/lib/locales/supported.d/en | wc -l => 14 (All are UTF-8)
cat /var/lib/locales/supported.d/zh | wc -l => 4 (All are UTF-8)
cat /var/lib/locales/supported.d/local | wc -l => 2 (en_AU.UTF-8 UTF-8; en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8)
}
/etc/belocs/locale-gen.conf (sudo find *locale* /etc/ > localeetc)
Customize how compiled locale files are stored onto disk.
File Format is like:
{
ARCHIVE=no
ALIASES=/etc/locale.alias
PURGE=no
GLIBC_MAGIC=auto
}
}
Howto Show Available/Existing/Generated Locales: locale -a
{
locale -a | wc -l => 20
(FS: /usr/lib/locale/
ls -l /usr/lib/locale/ | wc -l => 19 => 19-1=18 (OR: ls /usr/lib/locale/ | wc -w => 18)
20-18=2: C ; POSIX
}
Locale Definitions: /usr/share/i18n/locales/
Character Sets: /usr/share/i18n/charmaps/
Show Existing Character Sets: locale -m
{
locale -m | wc -l => 219
ls /usr/share/i18n/charmaps/ | wc -w => 217
219-217=2
Howto show the difference?
locale -m > lm.txt
ls /usr/share/i18n/charmaps/ > ls.txt (? the generated txt file is line separated?)
delete all .gz in ls.txt (replace ".gz' by "")
diff lm.txt ls.txt
}
[gedit]
gconf-editor => /apps/gedit-2/preferences/encodings/auto_detected
}
Chinese Input
{
SCIM： Sys | Pref | SCIM......
fcitx
http://dengpeng.name/blog/2006/10/16/fcitx-with-en_us-new-method/
}
Chinese Font
{
http://cha.homeip.net/blog/archives/2005/11/_ubuntu_gnome.html
}
vmware
nat:
192.168.200.2 gateway cannot ping in host (192.168.200.1, XP) but can ping in guest (
192.168.200.3,Ubuntu). but guest and host can ping each other
Samba
{
[Article]
HOWTO: Setup Samba peer-to-peer with Windows - Ubuntu Forums
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread?t=202605
http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Dapper#Samba_Server
http://doc.gwos.org/index.php/Share_files_using_Samba
http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/
[Server]
(Pre)
System IP: static
(Setup)
sudo apt-get install samba
(Assure stopped)
sudo /etc/init.d/samba stop
(Sys | Admin)
Networking | General | Hostname: cjs-desktop
Networking | General | Domain name: WORKGROUP
/etc/samb.conf: SEE sample conf file in Article. Below is no so good
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samb.conf.template
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
[global]
netbios name = cjs-desktop
workgroup = WORKGROUP
More: Sys | Admin | Shared Folders
(User)
sudo smbpasswd -a cjs
(Start Service)
sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
[Client]
{
sudo apt-get install smbfs
mkdir -p /home/Host/Share/
(1)sudo mount.cifs //192.168.200.1/Share /home/Host/Share/ -o iocharset=utf8
(OR 2)sudo mount.cifs //192.168.200.1/Share /home/Host/Share/ -o rw,iocharset=utf8
(OR:
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.template
sudo gedit /etc/fstab
{//192.168.200.1/Share /home/Host/Share/ cifs iocharset=utf8 0 0} OR:
{//192.168.200.1/Share /home/Host/Share/ cifs rw,iocharset=utf8 0 0}
sudo mount -a
)
unmount:
SEE umount
NOTE: umount may say:
{
unmount error 16 = Device or resource busy
Refer to the umount.cifs(8) manual page (man 8 umount.cifs)
unmount error 16 = Device or resource busy
Refer to the umount.cifs(8) manual page (man 8 umount.cifs)
}
how to? just make a new dir as a new mount point
see what are shared by a pc?
smbclient -L 192.168.200.1
smbclient -L 192.168.200.1 -d
}}
[Source/Setup]
{
(so snapshot)
make unstall
在Ubuntu下，建议新手还是不要用make，如果有兴趣了解编译的东西的话
卸载不容易，楼上说的方法，比如一些配置之类的还是卸不掉的 (不过我这个说的并不针对所有的make，关键在于这个makefile写的怎么样)
编译源码是最后一步可以使用sudo checkinstall来替代sudo make install，这样你就可以使用新得立卸载了。
在论坛上看到说不要轻易用checkinstall的
看这里，一切都那么简单：http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?t=49559
google上看到用make clean，可以卸载，确实好像卸载不了一些文件 (错..这个是清楚已编译的文件 )(正确做法是make uninstall)
强大的apt-cache http://my.opera.com/leeyee/blog/show.dml/414240
APT HOWTO http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/apt-howto/index.zh-cn.html#contents
apt+rpm HOWTO http://www.ccl.net/cca/software/UNIX/updating-redhat/apt-howto/index.html
http://tavi.debian.org.tw/index.php?page=apt
http://www.1to2.us/Debian-a171327.htm
APT and Dpkg 快速参考表 http://www.klan.cn/read.php?26
[SW Index]
/etc/apt/source.list
apt-cdrom add
sudo apt-get update //Update SW DB Index:
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get check //Verify
[SW search]
apt-cache -h
apt-cache search // case insensitive
apt-cache show
apt-cache showpkg
[SW depends]
apt-cache depends
apt-cache rdepends
[SW install/remove/upgrade]
apt-get -h
apt-get -s // virtual
apt-get upgrade [-u] (u: --show-upgraded)
apt-get dist-upgrade [-u] (it will add/remove new packages automatically if necessary)
apt-get remove [--purge]
[What does the package write?]
dpkg -L nasm
[File Search]
(find / -name 'nasm' => /usr/bin/nasm)
dpkg -S /usr/bin/nasm
apt-file search nasm ???
FROM http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97/DapperDrake
{
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
}
{
cn99
lupaworld
ubuntu
}
{
Ubuntu.cn99.com 更新服务器(江苏省常州市电信，推荐电信用户使用。）：
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu-cn/ feisty main restricted universe multiverse
Mirror.lupaworld.com 更新服务器(浙江省杭州市电信，推荐电信用户使用。）：
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-cn/ feisty main restricted universe multiverse
上海市交通大学 更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用。）：
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ feisty main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ feisty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ feisty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ feisty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ feisty main multiverse restricted universe
北京市清华大学 更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用。)：
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ feisty main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ feisty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ feisty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ feisty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu-cn/ feisty main multiverse restricted universe
Mirror.vmmatrix.net 更新服务器（上海市电信，推荐电信网通用户使用。）:
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ feisty main multiverse restricted universe
，教育网用户可以使用上海交通大学的源，速度非常好。有时，国外的源的速度不一定会比国内的源慢 ，你可以多测试几个源，使用速度最快的那个。如果找到的是Edgy的源，直接把源中的edgy改成feisty就可以了。当前可能有部分源还没有和主站完成同步，所以可能导致部分升级镜像不能使用，但是这种情况很快（通常不超过一周）就会改观的。
archive.ubuntu.org
21cn.com
www.ubuntu.org.cn就是爽呀 官方的源太慢了 快是快，但是软件不如sid多 sid的源也很快阿
}
}
}
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